Encoding is the process of converting data from one format to another, typically for storage, transmission, or compression. In the context of media and networking, encoding is commonly used to convert raw audio, video, or text into a compressed format that is more efficient for distribution.
For example, a high-resolution raw video file (e.g., from a camera) is encoded into a format like H.264, H.265 (HEVC), or AV1 to reduce file size while maintaining quality. Similarly, audio files can be encoded into formats like MP3, AAC, or Opus for better compression and playback compatibility.
Video Encoding: H.264, H.265 (HEVC), VP9, AV1
Audio Encoding: MP3, AAC, Opus, FLAC
Text Encoding: UTF-8, Base64, ASCII
Network Data Encoding: JSON, XML, Protocol Buffers
Efficient Storage & Bandwidth: Compressed formats save space and reduce transmission costs.
Optimized Streaming & Performance: Media encoding enables smooth video and audio playback.
Data Integrity & Compatibility: Ensures that text and media files work across different devices and networks.
While encoding refers to the initial conversion of raw data into a compressed format, transcoding refers to re-encoding an already compressed file into a different format or quality level. This is commonly used in adaptive streaming (e.g., HLS or DASH), where a high-bitrate video is transcoded into multiple lower-bitrate versions for different network conditions.
| Process | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Encoding | Converts raw data into a compressed format | Raw 4K video → H.265 video |
| Decoding | Converts encoded data back for playback | H.265 video → Displayed on screen |
| Transcoding | Converts an already-encoded file into another format/bitrate | H.265 4K → H.264 1080p |
Modern media streaming services, video conferencing applications, and real-time communication platforms rely heavily on efficient encoding and decoding to deliver high-quality experiences with minimal latency.